11/21/2023 0 Comments Diogenes of sinope cause of death![]() Therefore, Stoicism in more ways than one is a living philosophy. The theories known as “cognitive therapies” have close affinities with Stoicism, as they frequently proclaim. Stockdale, the “philosophical fighter pilot.” Moreover, given its intellectualist approach, the Stoic theory of passions is obviously opposed to the psychoanalytic approach and its emphasis on unconscious processes. One of the distinctive features of Stoicism, as well as of most ancient philosophies, is that philosophy is not only a theoretical system but a “way of Life.” In that respect, it is clear that Stoicism is still a living philosophy, as may be shown from the celebrated figure of J. These aspects of the Stoic approach frequently seem intolerable, but the strength of Stoicism depends on this intellectualism. Stoics argue that virtue is the only good, and attempt to force us to give up emotions and affections. ![]() Moreover, the more persuasive part of Stoicism is ethics: Stoic ethics is naturalistic and intellectualist. It argues that many aspects of its logic and physics are outdated but that the general Stoic approach to these disciplines may still be relevant to modern philosophers. ![]() First, it roughly sketches Stoicism as a philosophical system, namely its logic, physics and ethics. 3) Stoicism Today Jean-Baptiste Gourinat Abstract The aim of this paper is to elucidate the meaning of Stoicism today. The demand for human freedom within this perspective, symbolised by the doctrine of the “clinamen,” the immanent character of the Epicurean criteria for choosing and evaluating acts and decisions with reference to pleasure and pain, the self-limitation of the pursuit of pleasure by eliminating all desires that are neither natural nor necessary, all this can help to counter the anxieties, reactions and rejections produced today by the damage inflicted by supposed “development,” especially its catastrophic ecological consequences, and by the growth of artificially generated needs that serve nothing but the demand for commercial profit. 2) Epicureanism – Yesterday and Today Olivier Bloch Abstract This article presents a brief survey of the Epicurean doctrine, its general purpose, and its different aspects, and argues that, for all the historical differences involved, it still remains useful, relevant, and even necessary, in many respects for us today: the wholly immanent nature of Epicurean ideals (“the fourfold remedy”) and the materialism for which it provides a convincing model, even with its paradoxical “theology,” can serve as a means of resistance to the current “return of the religious” and the growth of irrationalism, as a support for a contemporary atheism which attempts to safeguard purely human values, and for the emphatic recognition that human beings form part of and belong to nature and its processes. That suggests that it may be more important to our intellectual life than many of us realize. Along the way, we learn that since Diogenes of Sinope a wide variety of thinkers from Socrates, Machiavelli, and Spinoza through Rousseau and Nietzsche to Wittgenstein have been credited with cynicism. In any case, it is worth understanding in order to cope with it. Modern cynicism may have little of positive value to contribute to life and politics, although at least it undermines the self-righteous moralists. It is very unlikely that most people would ever adopt the values and ways of the ancient cynics, but there may still be something to be gained from the few who might engage in this mode of life: possibly more environmentalism, and if nothing else, more humor in our lives. This article explores the change in meaning that led from one to the other, and what each kind of cynicism could mean for contemporary life. ![]() Modern cynicism is generally understood as amoral, selfish, and manipulative. An Introduction Barbara Carnevali and Gianni Paganini 1) Cynicism Then and Now John Christian Laursen Abstract Ancient cynicism was a moralistic school of ascetic and anti-materialistic gadflies and critics.
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